Description: This report studies the various benchmarks for analyzing the option-adjusted spreads of the major fixed income asset classes of life insurance companies. In addition, this report analyzes the historical benchmark performance against default rates for the asset class being benchmarked.

Description: In this paper we use expectations of different random variables to define the notions of retrospective, prospective, individual, and aggregate net premiums for plans with contingent obligations.

Description: The main focus of this report is the presentation of information and methodologies to support the analysis of the financial impact of AIDS on individual companies writing life insurance in the U.S. Topics include reserving and development of valuation tables used for both statutory and GAAP accounting. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1990, Vol. 42.

Description: This paper discusses some of the main principles of classical life contingencies generalized and formulated in the language of probability theory and develops generalized and exponential reserves. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1976, Vol. 28.

Description: This paper presents specifications and formulas for determining life insurance policy reserves in compliance with Sections 5 and 8 of the NAIC model Standard Valuation Law as amplified by the NAIC Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation, also referred to as Regulation XXX.

Description: This paper considers policies with annual premiums and discusses four types of life insurance reserves calculations: curtate, fully continuous, discounted continuous, and semicontinuous. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1995, Vol. 47.

Description: This actuarial note provides a discussion of modified reserves and minimum cash values when continuous functions are used. Discussions of this paper are included.

Description: Milliman, Inc. Milliman was retained by the Society of Actuaries SOA to perform certain actuarial analyses with respect to the Z-Factor methodology under a principles-based approach PBA to statutory reserve and capital. Under PBA, the Z-Factor is a measure of margin in excess of the best estimate assumptions embedded in the statutory reserves of a life insurance product or block of business.

Description: This paper deals with the problem of determining the effect on reserves of variations in the assumptions. A general approach to this problem is presented and then used to extend Lidstone's theorem, mainly to cases involving a nonmonotone critical function. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1981, Vol. 33.

Description: In this paper, the authors develop a reserve method for future guaranteed life income payments under the settlement options within a life insurance policy. An approach for entering this information in the statutory statement is presented.